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苯乙醇胺类化合物的合成及其支气管扩张活性
http://www.100md.com 《中国药物化学杂志》 1999年第2期
     作者:霍长虹 赵冬梅1 张雅芳

    单位:沈阳药科大学合成二室,沈阳 110015

    关键词:苯乙醇胺类化合物;合成;支气管扩张活性

    摘 要 设计合成了14个未见文献报道的苯乙醇胺类化合物摘 要 设计合成了14个未见文献报道的苯乙醇胺类化合物,离体豚鼠支气管扩张实验表明,其中7个化合物具有较好的活性.

    Synthesis and Bronchodilating Activity of Phenylethanolamine Derivatives

    Huo Changhong,Zhao Dongmei,Zhang Yafang

    Shengyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015
, 百拇医药
    Abstract Fourteen phenylethanolamine derivatives were designed and synthesized and all of them had not been reported before.The bronchodilating activity test in vitro showed that seven of these compounds had moderate activities.

    Key words phenylethanolamine derivatives;synthesis;bronchodilating activity

    苯乙醇胺类化合物是β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂类支气管扩张药,可以迅速解除支气管平滑肌痉挛,被作为缓解急性哮喘的首选药物.随着工业化污染的加剧,哮喘患者越来越多,因此,寻找长效、低毒的β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂仍是药物工作者关注的课题.
, http://www.100md.com
    1 合成路线

    根据苯乙醇胺类抗哮喘药物的构效关系和作用机制〔1~4〕,以三个空间结构较大的伯胺(环戊胺、正癸胺、糠胺)替换小分子伯胺,并在苯环上引入不同的取代基,合成了14个新的苯乙醇胺类化合物,其合成路线见图1.全部化合物未见文献报道,其化学结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及质谱确证.t94-1.gif (4263 bytes)

    Fig.1 Routes of synthesis

    2 合成实验

    熔点用毛细管法测定,温度未经校正.核磁共振仪为ARX-300型.傅立叶红外光谱仪为IFS-55型.质谱仪为DXJ-300型.
, 百拇医药
    2.1 4-氯-α-[环戊基氨基]苯乙酮氢溴酸盐的制备

    将2.0 g(8.6 mmol)α-溴-4-氯苯乙酮〔5〕、30 mL氯仿、0.7 g(8.6 mmol)环戊胺混合,回流反应8 h.冷却,析出固体.抽滤,氯仿洗涤,得白色固体1.0 g,收率:37.0%,mp 196~198℃.

    2.2 4-氯-α-[[环戊基氨基]甲基]苯甲醇盐酸盐(Ⅰ1)的制备

    将1.0 g(3.0 mmol)4-氯-α-[环戊基氨基]苯乙酮氢溴酸盐悬浮于25 mL95%乙醇中,滴加0.5 g(9.0 mmol)硼氢化钾的8 mL水溶液,室温反应5 h.用2 mol·L-1盐酸调至pH 3,搅拌0.5 h.氨水调至pH 9,蒸除乙醇,残余物用乙酸乙酯提取,无水硫酸钠干燥.回收乙酸乙酯,得白色固体.无水乙醚溶解,通氯化氢气体,析出白色固体(Ⅰ1)0.5 g,收率:59.8%,mp 173~175℃.
, 百拇医药
    化合物(Ⅰ2~Ⅰ11)合成与(Ⅰ1)类似.其结构、物理性质及光谱数据见表1和表2.

    2.3 对硝基苯基环氧乙烷的制备

    将3.0 g(12 mmol)4-硝基-α-溴苯乙酮〔6〕悬浮于25 mL甲醇中,维持内温在10℃以下,滴加2.0 g(36 mmol)硼氢化钾的25 mL水与5 mL甲醇混合液,滴毕,继续反应8 h,有淡黄色固体析出.用2 mol·L-1盐酸调至pH 3,搅拌0.5 h.加入50 mL水,使固体充分析出.抽滤,水洗至中性.甲醇重结晶,得1.8 g淡黄色晶体,收率:91.1%,mp 84~85℃.

    2.4 4-硝基-α-[[环戊基氨基]甲基]苯甲醇的制备

    将6.0 g(36 mmol)对硝基苯基环氧乙烷、200 mL无水乙醇、3.1 g(36 mmol)环戊胺混合,室温下反应4 h.回收乙醇,得黄色油状物,加少许乙酸乙酯溶解,放置析晶.抽滤,得白色晶体4.5 g,收率:49.4%,mp 96~98℃.
, 百拇医药
    2.5 4-氨基-α-[[环戊基氨基]甲基]苯甲醇(Ⅰ12)的制备〔7〕

    将2.0 g(8.0 mmol)4-硝基-α-[[环戊基氨基]甲基]苯甲醇、100 mL甲醇置于配有电动搅拌的三颈瓶中,回流状态下,加入2.2 g(40 mmol)还原铁粉,滴加16.6 mL(28 mmol)浓度为2 mol·L-1盐酸,滴毕,继续反应4 h.抽滤,滤液用氢氧化钠水溶液调至pH 8,室温搅拌0.5 h.抽滤,除去不溶物.滤液蒸干,残余物加无水乙醇溶解,滤除无机盐.回收乙醇,得淡黄色油状物.加少许氯仿溶解,放置析晶.过滤得白色固体(Ⅰ 12)1.6 g,收率:90.9%,mp 149~151℃(分解).

    化合物(Ⅰ13,Ⅰ14)的合成与(Ⅰ12)类似.其结构、物理性质及光谱数据见表1和表2.
, 百拇医药
    Tab.1 Structure,physical,IR and MS spectral data of the target compounds

    Compd.

    X

    R

    mp/℃

    Yield/%

    MS m/e

    IR(KBr)80-1.gif (83 bytes)/cm-1

, 百拇医药     Ⅰ1

    4-Cl

    cyclopentyl

    173~175

    59.8

    240(M+H)+,98,30

    3272,1581,1493,1092,842

    Ⅰ2

    4-Br

    cyclopentyl

    182~184
, 百拇医药
    84.5

    284(M+H)+,98,30

    3269,1583,1488,1073,834

    Ⅰ3

    4-Cl

    decyl

    218~220

    91.8

    312(M+H)+,170,30

    3312,1582,1493,1093,808

    Ⅰ4
, 百拇医药
    4-Br

    decyl

    220~222

    88.9

    356(M+H)+,170,30

    3312,1584,1498,1073,804

    Ⅰ5

    4-Cl

    furfuryl

    182~184

    26.7

, http://www.100md.com     252(M+H)+,110,81

    3196,1593,1497,1074,829,747

    Ⅰ6

    4-Br

    furfuryl

    186~188

    29.8

    296(M+H)+,110,81

    3192,1593,1496,1073,826,747

    Ⅰ7
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    3,5-2Br,4-NH2

    cyclopentyl

    205~207

    67.8

    376M+,98,30

    3258,1613,1477,1088,875

    (to be continued)

    Continued Tab.1

    Compd.

    X

    R
, 百拇医药
    mp/℃

    Yield/%

    MS m/e

    IR(KBr)80-1.gif (83 bytes)/cm-1

    Ⅰ8

    3,5-2Cl,4-NH2

    decyl

    129~139(dec)

    58.1
, 百拇医药
    360M+,170,30

    3373,1619,1488,1077,876,784

    Ⅰ9

    3,5-2Br,4-NH2

    decyl

    168~169(dec)

    87.5

    448M+,170,30

    3367,1615,1475,1078,880,731

    Ⅰ10
, 百拇医药
    3,5-2Cl,4-NH2

    furfuryl

    125~126

    23.8

    300M+,110,81

    3342,1618,1487,1104,874,752

    Ⅰ11

    3,5-2Br,4-NH2

    furfuryl

    142~143
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    32.7

    390(M+2)+,110,81

    3455,1614,1476,1103,875,751

    Ⅰ12

    4-NH2

    cyclopentyl

    149~151(dec)

    90.9

    220M+,107,98

    3446,1627,1521,1072,823
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ13

    4-NH2

    decyl

    192~194

    32.8

    293(M+H)+,107,30

    3444,1615,1511,1082,823

    Ⅰ14

    4-NH2

    furfuryl

    73~74
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    50.0

    232M+,122,81

    3322,1612,1519,832,749

    Note:All target compounds are synthesized to their hydrochlorides except for (Ⅰ10),(Ⅰ11),(Ⅰ12)and(Ⅰ14)Tab.2 1H-NMR spectral data of the target compounds

    Compd.

    1H-NMR(DMSO)δ

, http://www.100md.com     Ⅰ1

    1.50~1.95(m,8H,4×ring-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),2.94~3.07(m,2H,—NHC96-2.gif (94 bytes)),3.48(m,1H,ring-Cwpe1.jpg (789 bytes)),4.99(m,1H,—Cwpe2.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.28(s,1H,—Owpe3.jpg (789 bytes)),7.45(s,4H,Ph-wpe4.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ2

    1.49~1.94(m,8H,4×ring-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),2.90~3.11(m,2H,—NHC96-2.gif (94 bytes)),3.48(m,1H,ring-Cwpe5.jpg (789 bytes)),4.94~4.97(m,1H,—Cwpe6.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.26(s,1H,—Owpe7.jpg (789 bytes)),7.37~7.61(2d,4H,Ph-wpe8.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ3

    0.82~0.85(t,3H,—C96-2.gif (94 bytes)),1.24〔s,14H,—(C96-1.gif (94 bytes))7〕,1.62(m,2H,—C96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH2NH),2.90~3.11(m,4H,—CH2C96-1.gif (94 bytes)NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.94(m,1H,—Cwpe9.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.24~6.25(d,1H,—OwpeA.jpg (789 bytes)),7.39~7.47(2d,4H,Ph-wpeB.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ4

    0.81~0.83(t,3H,—C96-2.gif (94 bytes)),1.22〔s,14H,—(C96-1.gif (94 bytes))7〕,1.60(m,2H,—C96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH2NH),2.88~3.07(m,4H,—CH2C96-1.gif (94 bytes)NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.91(m,1H,—CwpeC.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.22~6.23(d,1H,—OwpeD.jpg (789 bytes)),7.32~7.58(2d,4H,Ph-wpeE.jpg (789 bytes))
, http://www.100md.com
    Ⅰ5

    2.92~3.05(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH),4.26(s,2H,furan-2-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.97(m,1H,—CwpeF.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.28(s,1H,—Owpe10.jpg (789 bytes)),6.52(s,1H,furan-3-wpe11.jpg (789 bytes)),6.66(s,1H,furan-4-wpe14.jpg (789 bytes)),7.38~7.46(2d,4H,Ph-wpe15.jpg (789 bytes)),7.77(s,1H,furan-5-wpe16.jpg (789 bytes))
, http://www.100md.com
    Ⅰ6

    2.87~3.09(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH),4.26(s,2H,furan-2-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.97~5.00(d,1H,—Cwpe17.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.30(s,1H,—Owpe18.jpg (789 bytes)),6.52(s,1H,furan-3-wpe19.jpg (789 bytes)),6.66~6.67(s,1H,furan-4-wpe1A.jpg (789 bytes)),7.32~7.59(2d,4H,Ph-wpe1B.jpg (789 bytes)),7.76(s,1H,furan-5-wpe1C.jpg (789 bytes))
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    Ⅰ7

    1.50~1.95(m,8H,4×ring-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),2.96~3.06(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),3.46(m,1H,ring-Cwpe1D.jpg (789 bytes)),4.85(m,1H,—Cwpe1E.jpg (789 bytes)OH),5.37(s,2H,—N96-1.gif (94 bytes)),6.14~6.15(d,1H,—Owpe1F.jpg (789 bytes)),7.46(s,2H,Ph-wpe20.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ8

    0.86(s,3H,—C96-2.gif (94 bytes)),1.25〔s,14H,—(C96-1.gif (94 bytes))7〕,1.63(m,2H,—C96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH2NH),2.73~3.07(m,4H,—CH2C96-1.gif (94 bytes)NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.82~4.84(d,1H,—Cwpe21.jpg (789 bytes)OH),7.25(s,2H,Ph-wpe22.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ9

    0.86(s,3H,—C96-2.gif (94 bytes)),1.25〔s,14H,—(C96-1.gif (94 bytes))7〕,1.62(m,2H,—C96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH2NH),2.88~3.07(m,4H,—CH2C96-1.gif (94 bytes)NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.80(m,1H,—Cwpe23.jpg (789 bytes)OH),5.38(s,2H,—N96-1.gif (94 bytes)),6.14(s,1H,—Owpe24.jpg (789 bytes)),7.44(s,2H,Ph-wpe25.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ10

    2.56~2.58(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH),3.67(s,2H,furan-2-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.48(m,1H,—Cwpe26.jpg (789 bytes)OH),5.28(s,1H,—OH),5.36(s,2H,—N96-1.gif (94 bytes)),6.21(s,1H,furan-3-wpe27.jpg (789 bytes)),6.37(s,1H,furan-4-wpe28.jpg (789 bytes)),7.16(s,2H,Ph-wpe29.jpg (789 bytes)),7.54(s,1H,furan-5-wpe2A.jpg (789 bytes))
, http://www.100md.com
    Ⅰ11

    2.75~2.58(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH),3.68(s,2H,furan-2-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.48(m,1H,—Cwpe2B.jpg (789 bytes)OH),5.22(s,2H,—NH2),5.30(s,1H,—Owpe2C.jpg (789 bytes)),6.22(s,1H,furan-3-wpe2D.jpg (789 bytes)),6.37(s,1H,furan-4-wpe2E.jpg (789 bytes)),7.35(s,2H,Ph-wpe2F.jpg (789 bytes)),7.55(s,1H,furan-5-wpe30.jpg (789 bytes))
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    Ⅰ12

    1.48~1.95(m,8H,4×ring-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),2.90~2.93(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),3.46(m,1H,ring-Cwpe31.jpg (789 bytes)),4.75(m,1H,—Cwpe32.jpg (789 bytes)OH),5.09(s,2H,—N96-1.gif (94 bytes)),5.84(s,1H,—Owpe33.jpg (789 bytes)),6.53~7.04(2d,4H,Ph-wpe34.jpg (789 bytes))
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    Ⅰ13

    0.85(s,3H,—C96-2.gif (94 bytes)),1.24〔s,14H,—(C96-1.gif (94 bytes))7〕,1.63(m,2H,—C96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH2NH),2.90~3.16(m,4H,—CH2C96-1.gif (94 bytes)NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.95~4.98(m,1H,—Cwpe35.jpg (789 bytes)OH),7.28~7.45(2d,4H,Ph-wpe36.jpg (789 bytes))
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ14

    2.60~2.71(m,2H,—NHC96-1.gif (94 bytes)CH),3.75(s,2H,furan-2-C96-1.gif (94 bytes)),4.56(m,1H,—Cwpe37.jpg (789 bytes)OH),6.31(s,1H,furan-3-wpe38.jpg (789 bytes)),6.42(s,1H,furan-4-wpe39.jpg (789 bytes)),6.66~7.06(2d,4H,Ph-wpe3A.jpg (789 bytes)),7.52(s,1H,furan-5-wpe3B.jpg (789 bytes))
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    3 药理实验

    实验动物为豚鼠,雌雄兼用.所用仪器为拉力换能器.氯化乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine chloride)为上海试剂三厂产品,对照品为喘通(clorprenaline,沈阳药科大学合成二室合成).

    参照豚鼠气管条法〔8〕,以喘通为阳性对照药,测定了目标化合物对抗氯化乙酰胆碱所致的离体豚鼠支气管平滑肌痉挛的活性.初步药理实验表明:有7个目标化合物具有不同程度的解痉活性,其中(Ⅰ9)和(Ⅰ10)的活性强于对照药喘通.实验结果见表3. Tab.3 Effect of the active compounds on bronchis contracting introduced by acetylcholine chloride

    Compd.

, 百拇医药     Relaxatory percentage/%

    (wpe3C.jpg (794 bytes)±s)

    Compd.

    Relaxatory percentage/%

    (wpe3D.jpg (794 bytes)±s)

    clorprenaline

    62.5±0.33
, 百拇医药
    Ⅰ1

    46.8±0.15

    Ⅰ9

    74.8±0.28

    Ⅰ2

    48.4±0.02

    Ⅰ10

    100.0±0

    Ⅰ4

    46.0±0.12

    Ⅰ14
, 百拇医药
    50.5±0.44

    致谢:沈阳药科大学分析测试中心、中国科学院沈阳生态研究所质谱室进行了红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及质谱的测定;中国医科大学药理教研室进行了药理筛选实验.参 考 文 献

    1.金荫昌.分子药理学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1990.369~370

    2.Robert R,Ruffolo J,William B.α-and β-Adrenoceptors:from the gene to the clinic 2.Structure-activity relationships and therapeutic applications.J Med Chem,1995,38(19):3681~3716

    3.Donné-Op den Kelder GM,Bultsma T,Timmerman H,et al.Mapping of the β2-adrenoceptor on chang liver cells.Differences between high-and low-affinity receptor states.J Med Chem,1988,31(6):1069~1079
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    4.Gilles K,Alexander NK.Quantitative structure-activity relationships of beta-adrenergic agents.Application of the computer automated structure evaluation(CASE)technique of molecular fragment recognition.J Theor Biol,1986,118(2):199~214

    5.Langley WD.p-Bromophenacyl bromide.Organic Syntheses,1941,Coll Voll:127~128

    6.韩广甸,赵树纬,李述文,等.有机制备化学手册(中卷).北京:石油化学工业出版社,1977.318~319

    7.韩广甸,赵树纬,李述文,等.有机制备化学手册(中卷).北京:石油化学工业出版社,1977.64~65

    8.徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修主编.药理实验方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.905~907

    收稿日期:1999-01-05, 百拇医药(霍长虹 赵冬梅1 张雅芳)


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