【摘要】 目的 探讨直肠中下段癌病例施行Dixon手术术后发生排尿障碍的原因和预防措施。方法 对直肠癌根治术中采用传统手术方法与全直肠系膜切除(TME)及不同程度保护盆腔自主神经(PANP)手术术后发生排尿障碍患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 直肠癌根治术后发生排尿障碍的原因有：(1)盆腔内脏器神经不同程度的损伤。(2)处理直肠侧韧带远离直肠壁的结果。(3)次全盆腔脏器切除后，盆腔空间增大，膀胱充盈时压力不足。(4)用PMOD分离输尿管周围组织时对输尿管延迟性损伤。结论 不同程度保留盆腔自主神经的手术方法，可减少直肠癌术后排尿障碍的发生率，术后系统治疗可提高其并发症的预防。

    【关键词】 直肠肿瘤；排尿障碍

    【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the causes and preventive measures of urination disorders for patients with middle-lower rectal neoplasms following Dixon Operation.Methods Retrospectively,urination disorders were compared among groups of rectal surgery,TME and some extent of PANP.Results The causes of urination disorders after rectal surgery were as followers:pelvic splanchnic nerves injury at different levels,the consequences of dealing with rectal ligamentum laterale away from rectum’s wall,enlarged volumn of cavitas pelvis after removing all or parts of cavitas pelvis organs followed by bladder short of pressure,disconnected surrounding tissues with PMOD producing tardive injury.Conclusion Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation is effective to reduce urination disorders,and prevent complications. ......